Celiac Disease: Understanding Gluten Sensitivity
By Dr. Rajdeep More | Gastroenterologist in Thane & Mulund
Celiac disease is a serious autoimmune condition triggered by the consumption of gluten. Often misunderstood as a simple food intolerance, celiac disease can cause long-term damage to the digestive system if left untreated. Understanding its symptoms, diagnosis, and management is key to maintaining good gut health.
What Is Celiac Disease?
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system reacts abnormally to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When a person with celiac disease consumes gluten, it damages the lining of the small intestine, affecting nutrient absorption.
What Is Gluten Sensitivity?
Gluten sensitivity (also known as non-celiac gluten sensitivity) causes symptoms similar to celiac disease but without intestinal damage. Unlike celiac disease, it is not an autoimmune condition, but it can still significantly affect quality of life.
Common Symptoms of Celiac Disease
Symptoms vary from person to person and may affect both the digestive system and other parts of the body.
Digestive Symptoms
- Chronic diarrhea or constipation
- Abdominal pain and bloating
- Excess gas
- Nausea or vomiting
Non-Digestive Symptoms
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue and weakness
- Iron-deficiency anemia
- Bone pain or osteoporosis
- Skin rashes (dermatitis herpetiformis)
- Delayed growth in children
How Is Celiac Disease Diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually involves:
- Blood tests to detect specific antibodies
- Endoscopy with small intestine biopsy to confirm damage
- Genetic testing in selected cases
Important: Do not stop eating gluten before testing, as it may affect test results.
Treatment and Management
Currently, the only effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet.
Dietary Management Includes
- Avoiding wheat, barley, rye, and their derivatives
- Reading food labels carefully
- Choosing naturally gluten-free foods like rice, fruits, vegetables, pulses, and dairy
- Consulting a dietitian for balanced nutrition
With proper dietary control, intestinal healing begins within weeks, and symptoms gradually improve.
Possible Complications If Untreated
- Malnutrition
- Anemia
- Osteoporosis
- Infertility
- Increased risk of intestinal cancers
When Should You See a Gastroenterologist?
Consult Dr. Rajdeep More if you experience:
- Persistent digestive symptoms
- Unexplained anemia or weight loss
- Family history of celiac disease
- Poor response to standard digestive treatments
Early diagnosis ensures better long-term outcomes.
Living Well With Celiac Disease
With awareness, dietary discipline, and regular follow-ups, individuals with celiac disease can lead a healthy, active life. Education and medical guidance are essential to avoid accidental gluten exposure.
Key Takeaway
Celiac disease is more than gluten sensitivity—it is a medical condition that requires lifelong care. Proper diagnosis and a gluten-free lifestyle are the foundation of effective management.